Penn’s North American holdings became the colony of “Penn’s Woods,” or Pennsylvania. In 1680, the king granted 45,000 square miles of land west of the Delaware River to William Penn, a Quaker who owned large swaths of land in Ireland. This made New York one of the most diverse and prosperous colonies in the New World. Most of the Dutch people (as well as the Belgian Flemings and Walloons, French Huguenots, Scandinavians and Germans) who were living there stayed put. The English soon absorbed Dutch New Netherland and renamed it New York. In 1664, King Charles II gave the territory between New England and Virginia, much of which was already occupied by Dutch traders and landowners called patroons, to his brother James, the Duke of York. Meanwhile, Puritans who thought that Massachusetts was too restrictive formed the colony of Rhode Island, where everyone–including Jewish people–enjoyed complete “liberty in religious concernments.” To the north of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a handful of adventurous settlers formed the colony of New Hampshire. Puritans who thought that Massachusetts was not pious enough formed the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven (the two combined in 1665). The original 13 colonies of North America in 1776, at the United States Declaration of Independence.Īs the Massachusetts settlements expanded, they formed new colonies in New England. Maryland became known for its policy of religious toleration for all. Its landowners produced tobacco on large plantations that depended on the labor of indentured servants and (later) enslaved workers.īut unlike Virginia’s founders, Lord Baltimore was a Catholic, and he hoped that his colony would be a refuge for his persecuted coreligionists. This colony, named Maryland after the queen, was similar to Virginia in many ways. In 1632, the English crown granted about 12 million acres of land at the top of the Chesapeake Bay to Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. The first enslaved African arrived in Virginia in 1619. It was not until 1616, when Virginia’s settlers learned how to grow tobacco, that it seemed the colony might survive. The Jamestown colonists had a rough time of it: They were so busy looking for gold and other exportable resources that they could barely feed themselves. They reached the Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 1607 and headed about 60 miles up the James River, where they built a settlement they called Jamestown. In 1606, just a few months after James I issued its charter, the London Company sent 144 men to Virginia on three ships: the Godspeed, the Discovery and the Susan Constant. Historians still do not know what became of its inhabitants. Mysteriously, by 1590 the Roanoke colony had vanished entirely. The first English settlement in North America had actually been established some 20 years before, in 1587, when a group of colonists (91 men, 17 women and nine children) led by Sir Walter Raleigh settled on the island of Roanoke. N&NB Railroad Dinner Train.In 1606, King James I divided the Atlantic seaboard in two, giving the southern half to the London Company (later the Virginia Company) and the northern half to the Plymouth Company. Here's the right of way on our Heritage Railways map. The State of Rhode Island purchased the right of way, and today the line supports both a tourist train, the Newport & Narragansett Bay Railroad, and the Rhode Island Division of Rail Explorers, a railbike excursion using the same right of way, which we visited in September of 2021.įrom Fall River, MA to Melville, RI, the tracks are currently out of service. The branch survived acquisition of the NYNH&H by Penn Central, and onto Conrail, who filed for its abandonment south of Fall River in the early 1970's. Service continually declined front then on, with the exception of military trains during World War II. Bus and automobile traffic replaced much of the passenger traffic. Traffic along the Newport Branch began to decline post World War I. Image: "Two ladies are waiting at Middletown Station for the train to Newport." Trains Rhode Island It, along with Cape Cod Railroad, merged in 1872 to become the Old Colony Railroad, which it remained until the company was leased to the New York New Haven & Hartford in 1893. In 1865, with the acquisition of the Dighton and Somerset Railroad, provided a direct connection to Boston via Braintree, MA. This merger allowed the line to continue to Fall River, MA, which it began doing so in 1864. The Old Colony and Fall River Railroad merged with the Newport and Fall River Railroad, which had chartered a railroad running from Newport, RI to the Massachusetts state line. The Old Colony and Newport Railway was the product of a merger between two railroad charters in Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
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